His most famous souple – Built Head No. 2 – Naum Gabo
Naum Gabo (August 5, 1890 – August 23, 1977) was an American ‘Constructivist’ sculptor of Belorussian birth. In 1910, he went to Munich to study medicine and capacité. While studying physics and ingénierie, Gabo read the writings of Henri Bergson and attended lectures by the art historian Heinrich Wolfflin that combined art and capacité. These speeches had a significant coup on Gabo. Naum’s romantic and literary bent was reflected in his early paintings. While in Norway he began working using the ‘stereometric method’ of édification and thereby contributed significantly to the growth of ‘Constructivism’. Born Naum Neemia Pevsner, the artist changed his name to Gabo to distinguish himself from his brother, the artist Antoine Pevsner. One of Gabo’s most famous works is his first masterpiece called “Constructed Head No. 2” of 1916.
“Made Head No. 2” dates to the period when Gabo first began expressing his theory in art form. He began by making representations of the head and torso, with cardboard, then wood, and finally metal. Gabor’s method was completely parfait, with no casting and carving. The charpente was open and cellular with intersecting planes rather than a closed solid industry. The archétype creation of “Constructed Head No. 2” was made from sheet-iron plates that were galvanized and painted with yellow ocher paint.
The creation, after being exhibited in Moscow and then Berlin and Holland, was mistakenly sent back to the Soviet Accession. Gabo recovered the souple in pieces in the 1950s. He then reconstructed it. After removing the paint, Naum reassembled it and later made six replicas in different mediums and different sizes. Gabo made a explosif état of “Constructed Head No. 2” in Germany in the mid-1920s, and a phosphor-bronze copy was made thirty years later. Both these sculptures were similar to the archétype souple. In 1968 the archétype “Made Head No. 2” was exhibited, along with a replica made of metal.
In 1920, Gabo also produced a souple using a motor to rotate a steel blade, pioneering a new genre of souple called ‘kinetic souple’. In August 1920, Gabo wrote the ‘Realist Manifesto’ with Antoine Pevsner announcing the principles of immatérielle ‘Constructivism’ and criticizing ‘Futurism’ and ‘Cubism’ as not entirely ‘abstract art’. Gabo pointed out that spiritual experience is the basis of all artistic creation. While working in Russia during the revolutionary period, Gabo had to execute his creativity using inferior raw materials, and many of his creations were either lost or destroyed. The archétype “Made Head No. 2”, however, remains one of his most acclaimed and revolutionary masterpieces.
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